The US has charged former Cuban leader Raúl Castro with conspiracy to kill US nationals and other crimes over the downing of two planes between Cuba and Florida in 1996. The case unveiled on Wednesday – a revival of charges originally from 2003 – accuses Castro and five others of shooting down aircraft belonging to Cuban American group Brothers to the Rescue and killing four people, including three Americans.

Castro, now 94, was the head of the country's armed forces and faced international condemnation over the crash. As the US seeks to exert increasing pressure on Cuba's communist rule, President Miguel Díaz-Canel called the charges 'a political manoeuvre, devoid of any legal foundation'.

Speaking at Freedom Tower in Miami, Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche announced that the US would also charge Castro with destruction of aircraft and four individual counts of murder over the deaths of Armando Alejandre Jr, Carlos Alberto Costa, Mario Manuel de la Peña, and Pablo Morales. Blanche emphasized that the United States, and President Trump, does not forget its citizens.

The justice department's new charges target a key figurehead of Cuba's communist leadership amidst an ongoing discourse about political and economic reforms expected due to heightened US scrutiny. William LeoGrand, an expert on Latin American politics, speculated that the strategy is to apply incremental pressure on the Cuban government to compel it to negotiate.

The US has previously issued sanctions against Cuba, leading to significant civil unrest due to blackouts and food shortages. On the same day as the announcement, Secretary of State Marco Rubio conveyed a message to the Cuban populace, articulating that President Trump offers a new path towards a reformed Cuba.

Díaz-Canel accused the US of manipulating facts regarding the incidents to justify military action against Cuba, insisting that Cuba acted out of 'legitimate self-defense within its jurisdictional waters'.

Regarding Castro's potential extradition to the US, Blanche stated that an arrest warrant exists and expressed optimism that Castro would comply. Castro, now considered the last surviving leader of the Cuban Revolution, has relinquished active governmental roles, but remains significant within Cuban politics, particularly as nostalgia and complex relationships with the U.S. evolve since the Obama-era thaw in relations.

The indictment announcement was met with enthusiasm among Cuban-American communities in Miami, evoking long-held sentiments for justice against the Cuban regime. Attendees of the announcement argued that the restrictions imposed by the Cuban government have contributed to the economic hardships faced. Critics within the Caribbean nation insist that the actions taken by US set a dangerous precedent that may exacerbate existing tensions.